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In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) focuses on using local resources for mission consumables. The approach can reduce mission cost and risk. Lunar polar volatiles, e.g. water ice, have been detected via remote sensing measurements...
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In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) focuses on using local resources for mission consumables. The approach can reduce mission cost and risk. Lunar polar volatiles, e.g. water ice, have been detected via remote sensing measurements and represent a potential resource for both humans and propellant. The exact nature of the horizontal and depth distribution of the ice remains to be documented in situ. NASA's Resource Prospector mission (RP) is intended to investigate the polar volatiles using a rover, drill, and the RESOLVE science package. RP component level hardware is undergoing testing in relevant lunar conditions (cryovacuum). In March 2015 a series of drilling tests were undertaken using the Honeybee Robotics RP Drill, Near-Infrared Volatile Spectrometer System (NIRVSS), and sample capture mechanisms (SCM) inside a 'dirty' thermal vacuum chamber at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The goal of these tests was to investigate the ability of NIRVSS to monitor volatiles during drilling activities and assess delivery of soil sample transfer to the SCMs in order to elucidate the concept of operations associated with this regolith sampling method.
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This document provides a scalable tool that airport operators, terminal managers, emergency managers, and planners can use to create and maintain integrated incident response plans that address hazards in and around airport termin...
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This document provides a scalable tool that airport operators, terminal managers, emergency managers, and planners can use to create and maintain integrated incident response plans that address hazards in and around airport terminals. The Airport Terminal Incident Response Plan (TIRP) tool (available on the CD-ROM that accompanies this report) assists in the development of a response plan that, when implemented, would mitigate the impact of these events on the terminal users. These response plans cover natural and manmade incidents such as hurricanes, snowstorms, tornados, earthquakes, structural fires, electrical outages/power failures, bomb threats, security breaches, and active shooter situations for evacuation, sheltering in place, relocation, and repopulation/recovery and are applicable to a variety of sizes and types of airports and airport terminals. In addition to the TIRP tool, the report contains a users guide that provides a step-by-step process of generating incident response plans. The report also contains an output example that demonstrates completed terminal incident response plans using the TIRP tool.
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A systematic approach was developed for biofidelic human activity modeling and simulation by using body scan data and motion capture data to replicate a human activity in 3D space. Since technologies for simultaneously capturing h...
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A systematic approach was developed for biofidelic human activity modeling and simulation by using body scan data and motion capture data to replicate a human activity in 3D space. Since technologies for simultaneously capturing human motion and dynamic shapes are not yet ready for practical use, a motion capture system can be used to capture markers on the body during motion and a 3D body scanner can be used to capture the body shape in a pose. Using advanced computer animation software tools, the body scan data and motion capture data are fused to build a dynamic, animation-capable model that can replicate a human activity in 3D space with the true shape and true motion of a human. Using this approach, a model library was built to provide large variability of human activities with respect to anthropometrics and human motions. The 3D body scan data and motion capture data used to build these models were collected from 100 subjects performing nine activities at the 3D Human Signatures Laboratory of the US Air Force Research Laboratory. The model library provides wide range of anthropometric spectrum and motion variation. Given search criteria which include gender, age, height, weight, body build, ethnicity, and activity type, a particular activity model can be found from the library that may be an exact match or a close representation. Efforts were made to ensure that the activity models can be integrated into widely used game engines and image generators.
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Changes to the coastline and to coastal features, such as spits, barrier islands, estuaries, tidal guts and lagoons were mapped for over 22,000 km of coastline along the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska coasts in western Alaska. Ch...
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Changes to the coastline and to coastal features, such as spits, barrier islands, estuaries, tidal guts and lagoons were mapped for over 22,000 km of coastline along the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska coasts in western Alaska. Changes to rivers and lakes near the coast were also captured. The analysis was based on time-series analysis of Landsat imagery, 1972–2013. An annual timeseries of suitable Landsat imagery was compiled and analyzed for changes in near-infrared reflectance to identify areas that transitioned from land to water, or vice-versa, over the study period. The timing of changes was also identified. Thousands of coastal changes over the 42-year study period exceeded the 60-m pixel resolution of the Multispectral Scanner (MSS) data, including coastal erosion and aggradation, estuarine and delta channel dynamics, coastal lake drainage and expansion, and migrations of coastal spits. An accuracy assessment determined that change patches >5 ha were well mapped for the 1972–2013 time-series though coastal aggradation is somewhat overmapped in tidal flats. Coastal erosion was mapped for approximately 100 km2 and coastal aggradation was mapped for approximately 113 km2, with coastal erosion and aggradation overall close to balanced. Many local hotspots of directional change (substantial and sustained coastal erosion or aggradation) were identified. The maps of coastal change produced in this effort could be used for local and regional analyses of vulnerability and coastal processes, and for identification of vulnerable natural and cultural resources
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The U.S. Army Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG) asked the Institute of Defense Analyses (IDA) to review radiation medical countermeasures (task CA-6-3079), such as radioprotectant drugs and radiation injury treatments, and thei...
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The U.S. Army Office of the Surgeon General (OTSG) asked the Institute of Defense Analyses (IDA) to review radiation medical countermeasures (task CA-6-3079), such as radioprotectant drugs and radiation injury treatments, and their potential to mitigate the effects of a radiation or nuclear incident on the health and survival of those exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Although no radioprotectants or radiation injury treatments are currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute radiation syndrome (ARS), this paper describes the treatment of ARS with supportive care and filgrastim and includes an illustrative example of how these treatments could affect the number of casualties from a nuclear event. In addition to describing some example potential therapies that are still being tested for safety and efficacy, this paper outlines strategies beyond the traditional research and development (R&D) pharmaceutical model that the Department of Defense could implement for acquiring future treatments for ARS. If pursued, these alternate R&D paradigms could provide significant cost and time savings to the DOD as well as reduce the risk associated with pursuing the approval of a radiation therapy or radioprotectant.
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An endocrine therapy is the most effective means to (initially) manage many hormone-dependent breast cancers. Unfortunately, almost 50% of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers fail to respond (de novo resistant) and man...
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An endocrine therapy is the most effective means to (initially) manage many hormone-dependent breast cancers. Unfortunately, almost 50% of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancers fail to respond (de novo resistant) and many others recur following an apparently initial response. We have now shown that cells respond to the stress of these therapies by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). A central component of the UPR, and that which confers its prosurvival activities, is driven by the unconventional (cytosolic) splicing of XBP1 by the endoribonuclease function of IRE1. We screened small molecule libraries against IRE1 in silico and tested the top predicted hits for their abilities to inhibit XBP1s production and breast cancer cell proliferation, and to potentially reverse resistance to AEs. The most effective compound (N-(4-Phenoxy-phenyl)-2-(5-pyridin-3-yl-2H-[1,2,4]triazol-3-ylsulfanyl)-acetamide; NPPTA) was selected for further study and is the initial focus of this IDEA Expansion application.
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Human activity Modeling and Simulation (M&S) plays an important role in simulation-based training and Virtual Reality (VR). However, human activity M&S technology currently used in various simulation-based training tools and VR systems lacks sufficient biofidelity and thus is not able to describe and demonstrate the nuances of human activities and human signatures. This inadequacy becomes crucial when the training or the use of VR is human centered, such as human threat recognition training and dismount detection training. Human signatures that can be observed from a fairly long distance include body shape, gesture, and motion. In recent years, the Air Force Research Laboratory has investigated human modeling and simulation with high biofidelity, with an emphasis on true human shape and motion. This paper presents the technical development from these investigations, which include (a) static shape modeling and morphing; (b) pose modeling and dynamic modeling; (c) motion capture (in particular, markerless motion capture); (d) inverse kinematics and motion mapping/creation; and (e) creation and replication...
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Human activity Modeling and Simulation (M&S) plays an important role in simulation-based training and Virtual Reality (VR). However, human activity M&S technology currently used in various simulation-based training tools and VR systems lacks sufficient biofidelity and thus is not able to describe and demonstrate the nuances of human activities and human signatures. This inadequacy becomes crucial when the training or the use of VR is human centered, such as human threat recognition training and dismount detection training. Human signatures that can be observed from a fairly long distance include body shape, gesture, and motion. In recent years, the Air Force Research Laboratory has investigated human modeling and simulation with high biofidelity, with an emphasis on true human shape and motion. This paper presents the technical development from these investigations, which include (a) static shape modeling and morphing; (b) pose modeling and dynamic modeling; (c) motion capture (in particular, markerless motion capture); (d) inverse kinematics and motion mapping/creation; and (e) creation and replication of human activity in 3-D space with true shape and motion. A brief review is conducted to discuss the methods and techniques related to these topics, along with some research results. Examples are provided to illustrate the importance of biofidelity in the simulation-based training.
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Distributed photovoltaic (PV) projects must go through an interconnection study process before connecting to the distribution grid. These studies are intended to identify the likely impacts and mitigation alternatives. In the majo...
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Distributed photovoltaic (PV) projects must go through an interconnection study process before connecting to the distribution grid. These studies are intended to identify the likely impacts and mitigation alternatives. In the majority of the cases, system impacts can be ruled out or mitigation can be identified without an involved study, through a screening process or a simple supplemental review study. For some proposed projects, expensive and time-consuming interconnection studies are required. The challenges to performing the studies are twofold. First, every study scenario is potentially unique, as the studies are often highly specific to the amount of PV generation capacity that varies greatly from feeder to feeder and is often unevenly distributed along the same feeder. This can cause location-specific impacts and mitigations. The second challenge is the inherent variability in PV power output which can interact with feeder operation in complex ways, by affecting the operation of voltage regulation and protection devices. The typical simulation tools and methods in use today for distribution system planning are often not adequate to accurately assess these potential impacts. This report demonstrates how quasi-static time series (QSTS) simulation and high time-resolution data can be used to assess the potential impacts in a more comprehensive manner. The QSTS simulations are applied to a set of sample feeders with high PV deployment to illustrate the usefulness of the approach. The report describes methods that can help determine how PV affects distribution system operations. The simulation results are focused on enhancing the understanding of the underlying technical issues. The examples also highlight the steps needed to perform QSTS simulation and describe the data needed to drive the simulations. The goal of this report is to make the methodology of time series power flow analysis readily accessible to utilities and others responsible for evaluating potential PV impacts.
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We perform a quantum simulation of an Ising model with long-range interactions and both transverse and longitudinal fields - the most general external field configuration - in a system of 6 to 10 trapped atomic ions. Quantum fluct...
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We perform a quantum simulation of an Ising model with long-range interactions and both transverse and longitudinal fields - the most general external field configuration - in a system of 6 to 10 trapped atomic ions. Quantum fluctuations at zero temperature drive the ground state spin ordering through several classical first-order phase transitions as the strength of the longitudinal field is increased. The Hamiltonian under study generates a fractal Devil's staircase structure and maps onto a large number of many-body and energy-optimization problems, showing how quantum simulation can potentially find solutions that are classically intractable.
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